Fassara

Monday, August 15, 2016

Najeriya: Sauya Fasalin ƙasa da abin da Gari zai Waya

31 Ga Yuli, 2016


Daga: Amir Abdulazeez
            Twitter: @AmirAbdulazeez

T
un daga shekarar 2007 zuwa yanzu kiraye-kiraye kan a sauya wa Najeriya fasali suke ƙara ƙamari da yawaita har kawo yanzu. Kodayake wannan daɗaɗɗen al’amari ne kusan tun farkon samun ‘yancin kan Najeriya, to amma an yi al’amarin ƙamshin mutuwa a tsawon sama da shekaru 25 da sojoji suka shafe suna mulki, sai dai kuma daga dawowar dimokraɗiyya a 1999, abin ya sake dawowa da sabon salo iri-iri. Mafi yawan masu waɗannan kiraye-kiraye suna ganin cewar fasalin ƙasar a yadda yake a yanzu ba zai bari a samu wani ci gaban a-zo-a-gani ba, waɗansu kuwa suna ganin cewar ƙasar zata ci gaba da tsayawa cak kuma baza ta samu damar magance tarin matsalolin da suke damunta ba har sai an sauya mata fasali.

Duk da cewar kowanne yanki na Najeriya da mutanensa suna da ra’ayoyi da ƙudurce-ƙudurce daban-daban kan maganar sauya fasalin ƙasa, akwai yankuna da kuma wasu ɗaiɗaikun mutane da suka shahara wajen bayyana ra’ayinsu kan wannan batu. Bugu da ƙari kuma, kowa akwai manufarsa da ta bayyana a fili da kuma wacce ya ƙudurce a zuciyarsa dangane da wannan batu. Yayin da waɗansu suke yin waɗannan kiraye-kiraye saboda kishin ƙasa da kuma yaƙininsu na cewa hakan ce kaɗai mafita, wasu kuwa suna yi ne saboda dalilai na son zuciya da ƙoƙarin cin moriyar arziƙin ƙasa da ake samowa a yankinsu su kaɗai ba tare da tsangwama ba.

A gefe ɗaya kuwa akwai waɗandama suke fatan a sauya fasalin ƙasa domin hakan ya kasance wani mabuɗi izuwa wargajewar Najeriya ko ɓallewarsu daga ƙasar. Ko a ƙarshen watan Mayun wannan shekara, ƙungiyar matasan ƙabilar Ijaw sun sanar bayan sun kamala wani taro na kwana guda cewar fafutuka da ta’addanci a yankin Niger-Delta ba zai ƙare ba har sai an samar da damar da zata basu ikon mallakar man fetur ɗin da yake yankinsu. Sanarwar bayan taron ta ci gaba da cewar kodayake tsarin afuwa da tallafi ga tsagerun yankin da Marigayi Shugaba ‘Yaradua ya ƙirƙiro ya taimaka sosai wajen yayyafa wa wutar ruwa, amma wutar ba zata mutu murus ba har sai an sauya fasalin ƙasa.

A Najeriya akwai Gwamnatin Tarayya wacce ita ce uwa-mabada-mama da kuma gwamnatocin jihohi waɗanda Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya sahalewa ‘yancin cin gashin kansu a wasu abubuwa, a wasu kuwa dole ne sai sun yi biyayya ga Gwamnatin Tarayya. Masu son a sauya fasalin ƙasa suna buƙatar a bai wa jihohi ko yankuna cikakkiyar damar cin gashin kansu a siyasance da kuma ta fuskar tattalin arziƙi. Suna so ya zamanto kowacce jiha ita zata sarrafa arziƙinta sannan ta dinga bai wa Gwamnatin Tarayya wani kaso a maimakon tattare arziƙin kasa waje ɗaya a hannun Gwamnatin Tsakiya wacce ita take ɗiban babban kaso kafin ta rarrabashi zuwa jihohi.

Rashin haɗin kai da bambance-bambancen siyasa, ƙabila da addini a Najeriya kullum kusan ƙaruwa suke wanda hakan ya fito a fili daga irin fafutukar da matasan yankin Biafra suke yi na ganin sun ɓalle da kuma wanda tsagerun Niger-Delta suke yi na ganin Najeriya ta kasa cin moriyar arziƙin ɗanyen man fetur da ake haƙowa a yankin. Waɗannan matsaloli su suka sanya masu rajin tabbatar da sauya fasalin ƙasa kullum suke ƙaruwa. A baya bayannan, tsohon mataimakin shugaban ƙasa, Atiku Abubakar ya yi kira da a sauya fasalin ƙasa. Kafinsa, manyan mutane daga yankin Kudu kamarsu Cif Edwin Clark sun jima suna hanƙoron a sauya fasalin ƙasa ta yadda zasu samu ƙari ko cikakken iko a kan ɗanyen man fetur 100%.

Atiku Abubakar, a ƙarshen watan Mayun da ya gabata, ya bayyana cewar Najeriya a yadda take a yanzu, ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata kuma ƙara wa jihohi ‘yanci da ƙarfi ne kaɗai zai magance wannan matsala. A cewar Atiku, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta fiye girma da ƙarfi kuma dole a yi wa tsarin garanbawul idan ana so a cimma manufofi na ci gaba da haɗin kai. Bayan haka kuma ya bayyana cewar ƙarawa jihohi ƙarfi ba yana nufin yunƙurin wargatsa ƙasa bane kamar yadda wasu suke tunani.

Sai dai kuma wannan ra’ayi a kan takamaiman dalilin da yasa za a sauya wa ƙasa fasali na Atiku ya ɗan sha bam-bam da na wasu da yawa daga cikin ‘yan Niger-Delta. Misali, a taron Makomar ƙasa da aka gudanar a watan Oktobar 2014, kusan gaba ɗayan wakilan Niger-Delta sun bayyana ko dai a fili ko kuma a shaguɓe cewar Najeriya tana ƙoƙarin cinye musu arziƙinsu na man fertur ba tare da kasancewar arziƙin na yankinsu ya amfane su kamar yadda ya kamata ba. Sukace kuma wannan ƙarine a kan gurɓata musu muhalli, ruwa da ƙasar noma da aiyukan haƙar man fetur yayi. Saboda haka, yayin da shi Atiku yake tunanin makomar Najeriya, su makomar yankinsu ce a gabansu kamar yadda yake a gurin kowanne yanki-wato kowa ta kansa yake. Ko a tsakanin ‘yan Niger-Delta ɗinma akwai saɓanin ra’ayi; yayin da waɗansunsu suke so a sauya fasalin ƙasa ta yadda zasu daina raba arziƙin man fetur ɗin yankinsu da sauran jihohi kwata-kwata, wasu kuwa suna so ne a basu tsakanin 50% zuwa 75%. Su kansu ‘yan Arewa, rashin sanin tabbacin makomar da yankin nasu zai shiga idan aka daina raba arziƙin man fetur shi yasa al’amarin yake ɗan basu tsoro.

Duk wannan tataɓurzar da ake yi, ita Gwamnatin Tarayya a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Buhari bata nuna alamun wannan batu yana daga cikin abinda yake gabanta ba. Kwanakin baya, Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa Farfesa Yemi Osinbajo ya fito ya soki lamirin masu kira da sake fasalin ƙasa. Osinbajo ya nuna cewar ba wai sake fasalin ƙasa ne matsalar Najeriya ko kuma matsalar da ya kamata a sa a gaba ba yanzu. Maimakon haka a cewarsa, kamata yayi a goya wa shirin gwamnatinsu baya na kawar da cin hanci da rashawa tare da farfaɗo da tattalin arziƙi ta hanyar noma, haƙowa da sarrafa ma’adinai da rage dogaro a kan man fetur.

Mujallar Mikiya ta yi wannan batu duba na tsanaki tare da duba abubuwan da zasu iya faruwa idan aka sauya fasalin Najeriya da kuma waɗanda zasu faru idan aka ci gaba da zama a yadda ake a yanzu.

Ta Yaya Al’amarin Ya Samo Asali?
A wata muƙala da Shahararren masani Farfesa Itse Sagay ya taɓa gabatarwa a shekraun baya, ya nuna cewar wannan batu ya samo asali tun kafin turawan Birtaniya su miƙa wa Najeriya ‘yancin mulkin kai. Farfesa Sagay ya rawaito Marigayi Firiyam Ministan Najeriya Sir, Abdubakar Tafawa Balewa a shekarar 1947 inda yake cewa : ‘Wanzuwar Najeriya a matsayin ƙasa ɗaya, a kan takarda ne kawai ; amma maganar gaskiya ba ta ma kama hanyar zama ƙasa ɗaya ba balle kuma a yi maganar haɗin kai a tsakanin ‘ya’yanta.’
Farfesa Sagay ya bayyana cewar juyin mulkin da ya yi sanadiyyar kashe su Sardauna a Janairun 1966 da kuma juyin mulkin mai da martani da ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar su ironsi a Yulin 1966 su suka ƙara rura wutar rashin yarda, rashin amintaka da zaman ɗar-ɗar a tsakanin ƙabilu da yankunan Najeriya. Tun daga wannan lokaci zuwa yanzu, kullum ana ta kiraye-kiraye ko dai a wargatsa Najeriya kowa ya kama gabansa ko kuma a sake mata fasali kowa ya dinga cin gashin kansa.
Tsarin mulkin shiyyoyi da aka gudanar daga shekarar 1960 zuwa 1966 inda yankuna huɗu na Arewa, Gabas, Yamma da Yamma ta tsakiya suke da iko mai yawa yayi tasiri sosai wajen rage matsaloli, amma bai magance matsalar ba baki ɗaya domin kuwa duk da haka gwamnatin tsakiya tana da ƙarfi da tasirin da kowa ƙoƙari yake shi ke da iko da ita.
Kafin bayyanar man fetur a matsayin ƙashin bayan tattalin arziƙin Najeriya, kowanne yanki yana samar da wani abu dai-dai gwargwado wanda zai isa a riƙe ƙasa. Akwai ma’adinan Tin da Kwalambite daga yankin Jos, Gyaɗa da auduga daga can ƙuryar Arewa, Koko da kwakwar manja daga Kudu da sauransu. A wancan lokaci an fi maganar ƙarfin iko na siyasa fiye da maganar rabon arziƙin ƙasa.

Ya Fasalin Najeriya zai Kasance?
A yanzu haka Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da ƙananan hukumomi 774. Kowacce jiha tana da damar cin gashin kanta a abubuwa da dama amma al’amuran tsaro, haƙowa da rabon arziƙin ƙasa, al’amuran ƙasar waje da na ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma karɓar harajin kan iyaka na Kwastam duk suna hannun Gwamnatin Tarayya. Kowacce jiha tana da ‘yan majalisu waɗanda suke da ikon yin dokokin da suka dace da ita amma da sharaɗin waɗannan dokoki basu ci karo dana Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba.
Kodayake har yanzu babu wata tartibiyar matsaya a kan takamaimai yaya ma ake so a fasalta ƙasar, amma ruɗani kullum sake gaba yake yi. Yayin da wasu suke bayar da shawarar a koma mulkin shiyya-shiyya kamar na lokacin su Sardauna, wasu suna ganin a ƙyale jihohi kawai kamar yadda suke amma a ƙara musu ƙarfin iko. Wasu kuwa suna ganin kawai a rushe jihohi a ƙyale ƙananan hukumomi kaɗai. A can gefe ɗaya kuwa wasu suna kira da kawai a rushe tsarin mulkin shugaban ƙasa da ɓangaren zartarwa, a koma na Firayim Minintsa da ‘yan majalisu kamar yadda Birtaniya, Canada da sauran wasu ƙasashe suke yi.

Taron Makomar ƙasa na Shekarar 2014
Wannan ruɗani na rashin sanin takamaiman ma ya ake so a fasalta ƙasar shi ya sanya tsohon shugaban ƙasa Goodluck Jonathan ya kira taron nema wa ƙasa makoma a shekarar 2014. Taron, wanda shugaban ƙasar ya bayyana aniyar samar da shi tun ranar ɗaya ga watan oktobar 2013, bai fara gudana ba kusan sai a tsakiyar shekarar 2014. Taron, wanda aka shafe sama da watanni uku ana yi, ya samu wakilai sama da 400 daga dukkan jihohin Najeriya, ƙungiyoyi, ƙabilu da addinai. Duk da lashe sama da naira biliyan bakwai da taron ya yi, mutane da dama suna ganin bai samar da nasarar da ya kamata ya samar ba.
Taron wanda a wasu lokutan da ake gudanar da shi, ya kan tashi baran-baran, ya fitar da rahoto mai kusan shafuka 900 a ƙarshensa. Taron ya bayar da shawarwari masu yawa a kan abubuwan da suka shafi noma, albarkatun ruwa, ‘yancin ‘yan ƙasa da baƙi, harkar shige da fice cikin ƙasa, ci gaban matasa, ƙungiyoi, rabon iko a tsakanin sassan gwamnati da sauransu. Amma dangane da sauya fasalin ƙasa kuwa, taron ya bada shawarar a rage wa Gwamnatin Tarayya kason da take samu daga arziƙin ƙasa daga 52.68% zuwa 42.5%, a ƙara wa jihohi kasonsu daga 26.72% zuwa 35% sannan a ƙara wa ƙananan hukumomi nasu daga 20.60% zuwa 22.5%. Dangane da ikon sarrafa arziƙin da kowanne yanki yake da shi, taron ya yi kira da a ƙara yin duba na tsanaki a kan 13% da ake bai wa jihohi masu arziƙin man fetur. Taron ya nemi a sake fasalta tsarin Gwamnatin Tarayya duba yiwuwar ƙirƙiro ƙarin jihohi.
Taron ya fara fuskantar tangarɗa ne tun farko a lokacin da wasu ‘yan Majalisun Tarayya da na Dattawa na wancan lokaci suka nuna adawarsu da shi tare da bayyana rashin hallaccinsa. A cewarsu, Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya, su kaɗai ya bai wa dama su sake wa ƙasa fasali ko dokoki, kuma a matsayinsu na masu wakiltar kowannne ɓangare na Najeriya, su yakmata su yi alƙalanci a kan batutuwan da suka shafi jama’ar ƙasa da makomarsu. Kodayake gwano bay a jin warin jikinsa, amma kusan sai a ce gazawar ‘yan majalisun a aikinsu daga 1999 zuwa yanzu ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shiga wannan ruɗani da ake ciki.
Tun daga lokacin da kwamitin ƙoli na wannan taro ya miƙa wa Shugaba Jonathan rahotansa mai shafi 897 a shekarar 2014, har yanzu babu wanda ya sake jin ɗuriyar wannan rahoto.

Tsugunu bata ƙare ba?
Yana da ‘yar wahala a iya tantancewa kai tsaye ko gyaran fasalin ƙasa zai magance matsalolin Najeriya. Haka zalika ba za a iya riƙo da hasashe a mtsayin madogarar ko wane irin tasiri zai yi ba, mai kyau ko mara kyau. To amma sanin kowane cewar abin da yafi damun Najeriya shine rashin shugabanci nagari a dukkan matakai da aka daɗe ana fama da shi na tsawon shekara da shekaru. Wannan rashin shugabanci nagari shi ya ƙara dagula al’amuran jihohi wanda dama can sun zama cima-zaune. Abin ya zamo kamar gaba-kura-baya-sayaki; a ƙyale jihohi a yadda suke, su ci gaba da zama kaska-raɓi-mai-jini, a basu ‘yancin kansu, wasunsu su ruguje saboda rashin kuɗin shiga da lalataccen shugabanci.
Mai yiwuwa sai an samu kyakkyawan shugabanci tun daga kan ƙananan hukumomi har zuwa Gwamnatin Tarayya da majalisu da ma’aikatun gwamnati na tsawon wani lokaci kamar shekaru 5 zuwa 10 sannan ne zamu tabbatar da cewar ko matsalolin Najeriya masu gyaruwa ne ko ba masu gyaruwa bane, koko a’a dole sai an sauya fasalin ƙasa sannan ƙasar zata gyaru ko kuma ba sai an sauya ba.
Duk wannan na nufin cewar dai ko da an sauya fasalin ƙasa, akwai alamun cewar tsugunu bata ƙare ba. Matsalolin ƙabilanci, addini, ɓangaranci ba lallai su kau ba. Misali, a jihohi irinsu Adamawa, akwai ƙabilu kusan guda 30. Koda ka bai wa jihar ‘yancin cin gashin kanta, ba lallai ne a samar da wani gamsasshen tsari da zai kula da buƙatun dukkan ƙabilun ba. Saboda haka, akwai yiwuwar za a sake samun danniya da babakere daga manyan ƙabilu a kowacce jiha.
A Jihar Delta misali, yankin kudancin jihar ne suke da arziƙin mai kuma a nan mafi yawan arziƙin jihar yake, nan ne ƙabilun Urhobo da Itsekiri suka fi yawa. Arewacin jihar wanda da dama daga cikinsu Inyamuraine basu da wannan arziƙi na mai. Mikiya ta bibiyi wani zauren tattaunawa na yanar gizo inda wasu masu bada gudunmawa a cikinsa kuma ‘yan  jihar ta Delta suke cewa ba abun mamaki bane idan an bai wa jihar ‘yancin cin moriyar arziƙinta,‘yan kudancin jihar su mayar da ‘yan arewacin jihar saniyar ware. Ma’ana dai, yaƙin da a da ake yi da ‘yan waje, yanzu kuma zai komo na cikin gida.

Man Fetur da sauran arziƙin ƙasa
Binciken masana harkar albarkatun ƙasa, siyasar duniya da tattalin arziƙi sun nuna cewar da wahala a samu ƙasar da take da albarkatun man fetur ba tare da wannan mai ya zame mata sila ta rigima, ɓarna, rashawa, shantakewa da kuma watsi da sauran al’amura kamar noma da kiwo ba. Wani rahoto na ci gaban ƙasashen Afrika da aka wallafa a shekarar 2007 ya sanya Najeriya a jerin ƙasashen da man fetur ya zame wa alaƙaƙai a maimakon sinadirin ci gaba. Mafi yawan ƙasashen da basu da ko ɗigo ɗaya na fetur sun dame Najeriya sun shanye ta fuskar more rayuwa da ci gaba. Rahoton ya nuna cewar in banda tsirarun ƙasashen yankin Larabawa kamar su Kuwait da UAE, da wahala a samu ƙasashen da man fetur ya zamo wa alkhairi.
Bayan haka, wannan man fetur da Najeriya take ta taƙama da kuma rigima a kansa, kullum duniya ƙara rage buƙatarsa take yi saboda sababbin fasaha da ake fito dasu na yin amfani da makamashi mai arha kuma mara gurɓata muhalli. Manyan ƙasashen duniya suna taƙama ne da fasahar ƙere-ƙere, ilimi da bincike, kasuwanci da masana’antu. A duk jerin manyan ƙasashen duniya, babu wata wacce ta dogara da man fetur ko arziƙin da ake haƙowa a ƙasa.

Makomar Arewacin Najeriya
Wani babban abun mamaki shine yadda mutanen Arewacin Najeriya waɗanda a can shekarun baya suka fi kowa nuna shauƙi da buƙatar cin gashin kansu, yanzu kuma su suka fi nuna baya-baya da hakan. Duk mai lura da yadda al’amura suke kasancewa zai ga cewar mutanen Arewacin Najeriya kusan sun kasu kashi biyu dangane da wannan batu na sauya fasalin ƙasa. Kashi na farko sune waɗanda suke adawa da wannan batu; kashi na biyu shine waɗanda suka yi shiru amma suma da alama basa goyon bayansa. Waɗanda suke goyon bayan, da alama, basu da yawa.
Me ya kawo haka? Mutanen Arewa sun jima suna barci, basu shirya ba kuma suna tsoron abinda zai kasance bisa rashin tabbacin tattalin arziƙi da hanyar samun kuɗin shiga idan kuɗaɗen man fetur ɗin da ake haƙowa daga Niger-Delta ya daina shigo musu daga Gwamnatin Tarayya. Mai yiwuwa basu taɓa tsammanin za a wayi gari a irin wannan yanayi ba. Kididdigar da aka yi a shekarar 2015 ta nuna cewar abinda jihohon Arewa 19 gabaɗayansu suke iya samu na kuɗin shiga a ƙashin kansu a shekara guda bai kai abinda Jihar Lagos take iya samu ita kaɗai ba. Banda jihohoin Kano da Kaduna, babu wata jiha guda ɗaya kaf faɗin Arewa da take iya samun kuɗin shigar da ya kai naira biliyan 1.5 a kowanne wata.
A lissafin talauci, jihohin Arewa sune sahun gaba; a lissafin jahilci da rashin aikin yi, jihohhin Arewa sune sahun gaba; a lissafin dogaro da Gwamnatin Tarayya, jihohin Arewa ne kan gaba. An yi watsi da noma da kiwo, rashin kantarki ya kashe masana’antu, kasuwanci ya ja baya, ilimi ya taɓarɓare, an bar shugabanci a hannun marasa kishi; idan aka fasalta ƙasa kowa ya koma cin arziƙinsa, shin Arewa me ta tanada?

Mecece Mafita?
Mutane da dama sun yi mamakin yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta kasa fito da wani gamsasshen tsari dangane da ƙudurinta kan kiraye-kirayen sauya fasalin ƙasa duk kuwa da cewa batune da yake ci wa ‘yan Najeriya da dama tuwo a ƙwarya. Tun kafin haka ma, kowa ya san da irin rarrabuwar kawuna da ya biyo bayan zaɓukan 2015. Tun  ma kafin zaɓukan, an fuskanci rabe-raben kawuna da ƙin jinin juna tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya da kusan ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba tun bayan yaƙin basasar da aka gama a shekarar 1970. An yi zaton cewa ajandar Shugaba Buhari ta farko bayan an rantsar da shi zata zamo yin ƙoƙari a aikace na ɗinke ɓaraka tare da ƙoƙarin haɗa kan ‘yan ƙasa baki ɗaya. Sama da shekara guda da rantsar da shi, har yanzu babu wani abu da ya fito na fili ƙarara cewar akwai alamun yin hakan. Wataƙila wannance ma ta buɗe ƙofa ga ‘yan tawayen Niger-Delta suka dawo da tsagerancin da aka kwana biyu ba a ga irinsa ba da kuma fafutukar ‘yan tawaren Biafra.
Babban abinda zai taimaka wajen magance matsalolin da suke addabar Najeriya shine kawar da cin hanci da rashawa, bunƙasa noma da kiwo, wadatar ilimi da aiyukan yi, bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin ƙasa, tabbatar da tsaro da zaman lafiya, samar da abubuwan more rayuwa da kuma wanzar da kyakkyawan shugabanci a dukkan matakai tun daga sama har ƙasa. Malam Ibrahim Hussaini marubuci kuma masanin tarihi ya shaida wa Mikiya cewar sauya fasalin ƙasa ba shine mafita ba; abinda yake mafita shine a yi komai a kan ƙa’ida. Yace idan ka duba dokoki da daftarin tsare-tsaren ci gaba na Najeriya, sai kaga cewar da za a bisu sau da ƙafa, to da ba a sha wahala ba. Don haka, maimakon a shigo da wani sabon tsarin, a yi ƙoƙari a dinga aikata kyawawan manufofin da aka tsara.
Dakta Garba Kofar-Naisa, masanin albarkatun ƙasa kuma Malami a Jami’ar Gwamnatin Tarayya da take Dutsinma a Jihar Katsina yana ganin cewa ba wai man fetur ne kaɗai arziƙi ba kamar yadda mafi yawan ‘yan Najeriya suka fahimta. Yace shi arziƙin da Allah ya shimfiɗa  a ƙasa ba zai misaltu ba, hatta ƙasar noma mai kyau itama arziƙi ce, sai dai ragwanta irin ta ɗan Adam tasa ya kasa yin hoɓɓasa don cin moriyarasu. Don haka yana ganin koda an daina raba kuɗin ma fetur, duk Jihar da taga dama, to zata iya riƙe kanta ba tare da ta bari ana yi mata yanga ko hantara ba matuƙar bata saka lalaci ba.
Duk da cewa abu ne mai wahala sosai Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ƙyale kowacce jiha ta samu ‘yancin sarrafa arziƙinta a yanzu domin kasancewar hakan barazana gareta, to amma akwai buƙatar a sake wa al’amarin duba na tsanaki. Akwai buƙatar Gwamnatin Tarayya ta kafa wani kwamiti na ƙwararru da gaggawa wanda zai bata shawara kan inda ya kamata a dosa.
  
©Mujallar Mikiya, 2016