Mutanen Duniya da Rabe-Rabensu

 Daga: Amir Abdulazeez

 

GABATARWA

A ƙiyasin da aka yi na shekarar 2013, aƙalla akwai yawan mutane sama da biliyan bakwai a faɗin wannan duniya da muke ciki. Waɗannan mutane suna nan a warwatse a cikin nahiyoyi da kuma ƙasashe a bayan ƙasa. Ko ba a gaya wa mutum ba, idan ya kalli fuskoki da ƙirar halitta ko yanayin halayyar mutane, zai tabbatar da cewa akwai bambance-bambance na asali, ƙabila, al’ada, addini da kuma tarbiyya ko tsari a tsakanin jama’ar duniya.

Duk da cewa za mu iya alaƙanta waɗannan bambance-bambance na halitta da ɗabi’u kai tsaye zuwa ga ƙudurar Ubangiji Mahalicci mai yin halitta yadda ya so, amma a ilmance ko a kimiyyance, za mu iya cewa waɗannan bambance-bambance sun samo asali ne daga irin muhallin da irin waɗannan mutane suka samu kansu tun daga kan zamanin kakannin kakanninsu. Muhalli, abinci, sana’a da auratayya na tsawon shekara da shekaru  sun taka muhimmiyar rawa ƙwarai da gaske wajen bai wa mutane daban-daban kamanninsu da ɗabi’unsu da suke da su  a yanzu. Misali, idan mu ka lura da launin fatar jikin waɗanda suke zaune a garuruwan da suke da nisa da ikiwaita (layin tsakiyar duniya wanda ya raba ta gida biyu), ta fi haske  a kan ta mutanen da suke zaune a kusa da ikiwaitar.

Wani abin lura shi ne, daga cikin abubuwan da suke kawo bambance-bambance a tsakanin mutane, akwai dalilai na halitta waɗanda Allah SWT ko dai ya samar a tattare da Ɗan Adam ɗin ko kuma a muhallinsa; akwai kuma dalilai na ƙirƙira, waɗanda Ɗan Adam ɗin ya samar da su domin samun damar yin irin rayuwar da ta dace da tunani da buƙatunsa ko kuma don ya samu damar yin rayuwa a inda ya samu kansa. Misali, mutanen da suke rayuwa a ƙuryar duniya daga Arewa wato kamar Russia, Canada da Norway, guraren da suke da matuƙar sanyi,ba za su iya rayuwa a gurare masu zafi kamar Mali, Sudan, Venezuela da sauransu ba, sai dai idan hakan ya zamar musu dole kuma a hakan ma sai sun ɗauki lokaci mai tsayi kafin su saba. Wani misalin kuma shi ne mutum mazaunin Yammacin Turai ko Amurka wanda ya gina rayuwarsa a kan abubuwa na fasahar zamani, ba zai iya wata rayuwar kirki a inda babu waɗannan abubuwa ba. Ko kuma mace da aka haifa ko aka raina a ƙasar Saudiyya (inda da ba a barin mata ko mota su tuƙa), za ta ji kunyar yin rayuwa a inda matan suke rayuwa rabin jikinsu a waje ba tare da jin kunya ba.

ƘABILUN MUTANEN DUNIYA

Masana daban-daban sun yi yunƙurin karkasa mutanen duniya izuwa ƙabila-ƙabila bisa la’akari da asalinsu, kamanninsu, launin fatar jikinsu, wani lokacin ma har da ɗabi’unsu. Sai dai kuma karkasa mutane bisa la’akari da launin fatar jikinsu shi ya fi shahara. Bisa hakan za mu ga cewar akwai baƙaƙe, jajaye da fararen mutane. A baƙaƙen ma akwai baƙaƙe wuluk, akwai kuma baƙi-baƙi da dai sauransu. Hakan ya samo asali daga canje-canjen guraren zama game da auratayya a tsakanin ƙabilun.

Idan aka dunƙule binciken masana waje ɗaya, za mu iya cewar baki ɗayan mutanen duniya sun kasu  izuwa ƙabila biyar kamar haka; ƙabilar baƙaƙen fata (Negro) da galibinsu ke zaune a Nahiyar Africa (banda Arewacin ta) da kuma Nahiyar Kudancin Amurka, ƙabilar jajayen fata (Indian) da mafi yawansu Indiyawa ne da tsofaffin mazauna Nahiyar Amurka, ƙabilar fararen fata (Caucasian) wanda da yawansu Turawa ne, ƙabilar masu launin fata ruwan ɗorawa (Mongolian) wanda mafi yawancinsu suke a Nahiyar Asiya da kuma sauran ƙabilu (Samolds, Esquimaux da Tartars).

ƘIDIDDIGAR YAWAN JAMA’AR DUNIYA:

Ƙiyasin yawan mutanen duniya na shekarar 2013 ya nuna cewa  akwai mutane biliyan bakwai da miliyan casa’in da biyar da dubu ɗari biyu da sha bakwai da ɗari tara da tamanin (7,095,217,980) a faɗin duniya. Idan muka yi la’akari da cewar yawan mutanen duniya ya na karuwa 1.1% a duk shekara wanda hakan na nuna cewar ana samun ƙarin yawan mutane miliyan 76 (kusan rabin yawan mutanen Najeriya) a kowacce shekara, za mu iya cewa yanzu hakan adadin mutanen duniya ya kai kusan biliyan 7.6.

Hukumar tsaro da bincike ta ƙasar Amurka (CIA) ta ƙiyasata cewar a duk minti daya, ana haihuwar mutane 255 a duk faɗin duniya, wato sama da mutane huɗu a kowacce daƙiƙa kenan. Sannan kuma hukumar bisa bayanai daga mafi yawancin ƙasashen duniya, ta ƙiyasta cewar mutane 107 ne suke mutuwa a kowanne minti a bayan ƙasa, wato kusan mutum biyu kenan a kowacce daƙiƙa. Idan muka ɗebe adadin yawan masu mutuwa daga adadin yawan waɗanda ake haifa a kowanne minti, za mu samu ragowar mutane 148. Wannan shi ne adadin  mutanen da duniya ta ke ƙaruwa da su duk bayan minti ɗaya.

A yanzu haka ƙasar China ita ta fi kowacce ƙasa yawan jama’a (Duba teburi na 7.1), yayin da ƙasar Birnin Vatican ta fi kowacce ƙasa ƙarancin jama’a.

Teburi na 1 : ƙasashe mafi yawa da ƙarancin jama’a

SN	KASA	YAWAN JAMA’A	NAHIYA	SHEKARAR DA AKA GINA ƘIYASIN A KAI
Ƙasashen da suka fi yawan jama’a
1	China	1,349,585,838	Asia	2013
2	India	1,220,800,359	Asia	2013
3	United States	316,668,567	America ta Arewa	2013
4	Indonesia	251,160,124	Asia	2013
5	Brazil	201,009,622	America ta Kudu	2013
Ƙasashen da suka fi ƙarancin jama’a
5	San Marino	31,817	Turai	2011
4	Palau	20,956	Oceania	2011
3	Tuvalu	10,544	Oceania	2011
2	Nauru	9,322	Oceania	2011
1	Vatican City	826	Turai	2011

 * Nigeria ita ce ta takwas a duniya da ƙiyasin yawan mutane 174,507,539.

A ɓangaren jinsi kuma, mafi yawan bincike-bincike da ƙididdiga sun nuna cewa mata sun fi maza yawa a duniya, to amma hakan ya danganta daga Nahiya zuwa Nahiya. A ɓangaren shekarun haihuwa kuma, matasa sun fi kowa yawa a duniya. Mutanen da shekarunsu ya kama daga 25-54 sun fi kowa yawa inda suke da 40.6% na yawan mutanen duniya (duba teburi na 2). Idan aka kalli jadawalin da ke teburin, za mu ga cewa dattawa waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 zuwa sama ba su da yawa a duniya inda da kaɗan suka haura 8% na yawan mutanen duniya.

A duniya, masu shekarun haihuwa 29 zuwa 30 sun fi kowa yawa. A tsakanin maza, masu shekarun haihuwa 28 zuwa 29 sun fi kowa yawa, yayin da a tsakanin mata, masu shekarun haihuwa 30 zuwa 31 sun fi kowa yawa a cikin jimmillar mutanen duniya.

Teburi na 2 : Rukunin Shekarun Haihuwar  Jama’ar Duniya da Yawansu

SN	RUKUNIN SHEKARU	KASO CIKIN YAWAN MUTANEN DUNIYA	ADADIN MAZA (Miliyan)	ADADIN MATA (Miliyan
1	0-14	26.0%	953.5	890.4
2	15-24	16.8%	614.6	580.0
3	25-54	40.6%	1,454.9	1,426.8
4	55-64	8.4%	291.5	305.2
5	64 zuwa sama	8.2%	257.1	321.8

Dangane da sana’a, 48% na mutanen duniya sun dogara da kansu yayin da 52% (matasa-39.9%, tsofaffi-12.21%) sun dogara ne da waɗansu su ɗauki nauyinsu wanda suka haɗa da iyayensu, ‘ya ‘yansu, ‘yan uwansu ko kuma gwamnati a wasu ƙasashen. Adadin mazauna birane a duniya ya kai 50.5%, yayin da mazauna ƙauyuka su ka kai 49.5%.

Teburi na 3: Mutanen ƙasashen da suka fi yawan rai da kuma saurin mutuwa

SN	KASA	SHEKARU	NAHIYA
Ƙasashen da suka fi tsawon rai
1	Monaco	89 zuwa 90	Europe
2	Macau	84 zuwa 85	Asia
3	Japan	84 zuwa 85	Asia
4	Singapore	84 zuwa 85	Asia
5	San Marino	83 zuwa 84	Europe
Ƙasashen da mutanensu suka fi mutuwa da wuri
5	Swaziland	31 zuwa 32	Africa
4	Angola	38 zuwa 39	Africa
3	Zambia	38 zuwa 39	Africa
2	Lesotho	40 zuwa 41	Africa
1	Mozambique	41 zuwa 42	Africa

Ƙididddiga da ƙiyasi sun nuna cewar a duk mutane 1000 da aka haifa a faɗin duniya, 37 zuwa 38 suna mutuwa da zarar an haifesu ko kuma kafin su cika shekara ɗaya da haihuwa. Mata sun fi maza taswon rai a mafi yawan ƙasashen duniya. A duniya baki ɗaya, a na ƙiyasta cewar mace ta kan rayu tsawon shekaru 70 zuwa 71 a duniya, yayin da namiji ya kan rayu shekaru 66 zuwa 67 (Duba teburi na 3).

Wani abin da ya kamata mu lura da shi shi ne, abubuwan da su ke sanyawa mutum ya yi tsawon rai a duniya sun haɗa da ingantacce da wadataccen abinci, kyawawan dabarun kiwon lafiya da ingantaccen muhalli da sauran abubuwa masu inganta rayuwa. A ɗaya hannun kuma cututtuka da annoba, ƙarancin abinci, yaƙe-yaƙe da rigingimu da dai sauransu su kan kawo rashin tsawon rai.

Dalilin da ya sa mata su ka fi maza tsawon rai shi ne; kullum maza suna waje wajen nema abinci, rayuwarsu ta na cikin hadari. Yawancin sojoji masu aiki a fagen daga maza ne. Sannan kuma yawancin aiyuka masu haɗari kamar tuƙin jirgin ruwa da na sama, haƙo fetur da ma’adinai da sauransu duk maza sun fi yawa a cikinsa. Sannan kuma mafi yawancin mata a mafi yawan ƙasashe a duniya, mazauna gida ne, da yawa ba su ma da aikin yi, da mazajensu suka dogara.

Akwai wani abu mai muhimmanci da ya kamata mu yi la’akari da shi. Wannan kuwa shi ne dalilai da suke kawo wa a samu yawan jama’a ko ƙarancin jama’a a guri. Akwai dalilai na halitta, akwai kuma dalilai na sababin Ɗan Adam.

Abubuwa kamar yanayi mai kyau wanda bai ƙunshi matsanancin sanyi ko zafi ba, ƙasar noma mai kyau, rashin tuddai masu tsayi ko kwarrai masu zurfi waɗanda ka iya kawo tarnaƙi ga ginin muhalli, rashin matsalolin muhalli kamar zaizayar ƙasa, kwararowar Hamada, rashin ruwa, girgizar ƙasa, aman wuta daga duwatsu da sauransu; duk dalilai ne na halitta masu sanyawa a samu yawan jama’a a wani yanki. A gefe ɗaya rashin Waɗannan abubwa ka iya jawo kauracewar jama’a daga guri. Sai dai kuma ko da guri ba shi da yanayi na halitta mai kyau, akwai dalilai na tattalin arziki da ka iya jawo hankalin mutane zuwa gurin. Misali a shekarun baya, yankin Alaska mai matuƙar sanyi a ƙasar Amurka ba shi da yawan jama’a saboda yawan sanyinsa, amma kuma da aka gano man fetur da wasu ma’adinai a yankin, sai mutane suka dinga komawa domin samun aiyyukan yi da damammaki na bunƙasa arzikinsu. Bayan haka kuma, haka kawai ma Ɗan Adam ya kan yi bakin ƙoƙarinsa wajen ganin ya ɓullo da dabarun zama a yankin da ya samu kansa a ciki komai tsananinsa da wahalar sha’aninsa (Hoto na 1).

Hoto na 1: Yankin Positano kenan a ƙasar Italy inda mazauna yankin suka ɓullo da dabarun yin gidaje a kan duwatsu da tsaunuka domin wajen ya zame musu gida. Wannan dabara tasu sai ta bayar da wata sha’wa da ƙayatarwa ga yanayin gidajen.

Abubuwa kamar wadatar aiyukan yi, masana’antu, zaman lafiya da rashin fitintunu, ingantattun hanyoyin sufuri da na sadarwa, al’adu da kyawun mu’amalar mutanen guri kan jawo hankalin jama’a don su zauna a guri. Yanayin gwamnati da tsarin dokokin ƙasa kan kawo shigowa ko ƙauracewar jama’a a wani yanki. Misali wasu ƙasashe basu da maraba da baƙi saboda dalilai na al’adu, tsaro ko ra’ayi kawai yayin da wasu ƙasashen basu da ƙyamar baƙi ko kaɗan. Wasu ƙasashen ma su kan bayar da dama mutum ya zama ɗan ƙasa na dindindin ba tare da shan wata wahala sosai ba.

ADDINAN MUTANEN DUNIYA

Dangane da addini, za mu iya kasa mutanen duniya gida uku; masu addini tare da yi masa biyayya sau da ƙafa, masu addini amma bai damesu ba, sai kuma marasa addini da waɗanda basu yarda da samuwar Ubangiji ba. Hasashe daban-daban na nuna cewa masu addini a suna kawai amma ba tare da ya damesu ba sun fi kowa yawa a duniya kuma mafi yawancinsu suna zaune a yankunan Europe, Amurka ta Arewa, Australlia, sassan Amurka ta Kudu da wasu yankunan Asia. Misali, Birnin Rome na ƙasar Italy shi  aka ayyana a matsayin cibiyar Kiristanci ta duniya, amma kuma ana lissafa mafi yawan mutanen Birnin Rome ɗin da ma ƙasar Italy baki ɗaya a matsayin waɗanda addini bai dama ba. Hakazalika ana lissafa musulman sassan da ƙasar France ta mulka a Africa, musulman sassan Europe da Amurka har ma da na Africa ta Arewa da wasu ɓangarorin Asia a matsayin waɗanda addinin bai dame su ba a aikace sosai.

Za mu iya kasa addinan duniya kamar haka; saukakkun addinai waɗanda za a iya alaƙanta asalinsu da wani Annabi ko Manzo, misali Musulinci, Kiristanci da Yahudanci. Akwai kuma addinan gargajiya waɗanda mafi yawancinsu suka mayar da hankali kan al’adun iyaye da kakanni kuma suka ƙunshi bautar abubuwa marasa rai ko hankali kamar wuta, rana, dabbobi da sauransu, misalin waɗannan addinai su ne Hindu da Sikh; akwai kuma addinan da aka ginasu a kan hikima, tunane-tunane ko koyarwar wasu mashahuran mutane da suka gabata; misali kamar addinin Taoism wanda aka gina a kan koyarwar Lao Tzu, Cofucism daga babban malamin China Confucius, Bhuddism daga Gautama Siddarta-Buddha. Sai dai kuma wasu daga cikin irin waɗannan mutane su kan yi da’awar cewar sun samu wannan koyarwar tasu daga wani wahayi kamar Buddha. Akwai kuma mutane marasa addini kwata-kwata.

Zai yi wahala a iya tantance yawan aaddinan da suka wanzu a doron ƙasa tun daga lokacin da aka fara rubuta tarihin duniya izuwa yanzu, saboda wasu addinan ma ba a taɓa ko jin labarinsu ba, amma a halin yanzu addinan da suka fi kowanne yawan mabiya a duniya guda bakwai ne (duba teburi na 4)    

Teburi na 4: Manyan Addinan Duniya da Kason Mabiyansu

SN	ADDINI	KASON MABIYA CIKIN YAWAN MUTANEN DUNIYA
1	Kiristanci	33.90%
2	Musulunci	22.74%
3	Hindu	13.80%
4	Bhuddism	6.77%
5	Sikh	0.35%
6	Yahudanci	0.22%
7	Baha’i	0.11%
8	Sauran addinai	10.95%
9	Marasa addini	9.66%
10	Waɗanda basu yarda da samuwar Allah ba	2.01%

Wasu abubuwan da zamu lura da su sune; akwai addinan da suka kasu zuwa ɗarika-ɗarika, akwai kuma addinnan da babu inda zaka samesu sai a ƙasa ɗaya ko biyu. Bayan haka akwai addinan da suka yawaita ko suka yi ƙaranci sannan kuma suke da tasiri ko rashinsa a gurare da yawa saboda dalilai na siyasa ko mulkin mallaka.

Kiristanci ya kasu izuwa ɗariku da yawa, amma shahararrun sune kamar haka; Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox da Anglican. Shi kuma Musuluci ya kasu izuwa Sunni da kuma Shi’a, duk da cewa akwai wasu ƙananan dariku ko ɓangarori da basu da wani muhimmin tasiri a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.

Bisa binciken shekarar 2013, duk duniya babu inda ake da yawan Musulmi kamar Indonesia inda ake ƙiyasin suna da yawan musulmi sama da miliyan 215, sai ƙasar Pakistan wacce take da adadin musulmi kusan miliyan 190, sai ƙasar india mai sama da miliyan 164. Nigeria tana da yawan musulmi sama da miliyan 85. Guraren da suka fi ƙarancin mabiya addinin islama sun haɗa da ƙasashen Arewaci da gabashin Turai, ƙasashen kudanci ko Latin America da yankin Australlia. Ƙasashen da suke da kason musulmi 97-100% su ne Saudi Arabia, Turkey da Afghanistan, iran da Pakistan. ƙasashen da yawan mabiya shi’a ya kai 50% ko yah aura su ne Iraq (65%) da kuma iran (89%).

Inda ya fi ko’ina yawan mabiya addinin kirista a hasashen shekara ta 2013 sune ƙasar Amurka (miliyan 252), Brazil (miliyan 180) sai Mexico (miliyan 106). Yawan kiristocin Nigeria ya kai kusan miliyan 70. Ƙasashen da suke da adadin mabiya addinin kirista daga 97-100% sun haɗa da Belgium, Bolivia, Denmark, Venezuela; guraren da mabiya addinin kirsita suka fi ƙaranci sun haɗa da mafi yawancin Nahiyar Asia sai kuma Arewacin Africa.

Mafi yawan mabiya addinin Hindu a ƙasar India suke inda yawansu a ƙasar ya kai kusan biliyan ɗaya domin sun haura miliyan 995. Ragowar mabiya addinin Hindun sun warwatsu a ƙasashe maƙotan India ɗin da sauran sassan Nahiyar Asia da kuma duniya, sai dai basu da wani yawan a zo a gani. Duk da cewa gwamnatin ƙasar China ba ta ɗauki addini a bakin komai ba, amma akwai mabiya addinin Bhuddha da yawa  a ƙasar da kuma sauran sasaan Nahiyar Asia.

Addinin Yahudanci shi ne wanda mabiyansa suke biyayya ga Annabi Musa kuma suke yin hukunci da littafin Attaura wanda suke ƙira Talmud. Mafi yawancinsu suna zaune ne a ƙasar Israel, duk da cewa akwai su a warwatse a Yammacuin Turai da Amurka. Akwai su a ƙasashe irinsu Germany, France da dai sauransu.

Akwai ƙasashen da basu damu da addini ba, wasu ma har haramtawa ko ƙyamar shi suke yi. Misali ƙasar Russia da sauran ƙananan ƙasashen rugujajajeiyar Tarayyar Soviet, musamman masu biyayya ga tsarin kwaminisanci, basu yarda da addini ba kuma yinsa ma laifi ne. Duk da cewa an samu sauye-sauye a yanzu, to amma har yanzu addini ba shi da tasiri a irin waɗannan ƙasashe. A ƙasar China kuwa, ba hana addinin aka yi kai tsaye ba, amma al’amuran ƙasa da kishin ta gaba yake da addini a al’amuran ƙasar. Ba ka da ikon ka bar ofishin gwamnati ka tafi masallaci ko wajen bauta, amma ka iya yin bautar ka a wani lokacin daban. Su kuwa ƙasashe irinsu America da mafi yawancin Nahiyar Turai, mafi yawan mabiya addinai a ƙassahen, suna yi ne kawai a suna ko a baki. Misali zaka iya samun mabiyin addinin kirista ya haura shekaru goma bai je coci ba amma wai sunan shi kirista ne. Sannan kuma addininsu ba ya hanasu duk wata irin baɗala da fitsara, kai a taƙaice ma wasu basu ma san koyarwar addinin ba kwata-kwata. A irin waɗannan ƙasashe ‘yancin mutum ya yi abin da ya ga dama shi ne gaba da komai.

Mulkin mallaka ya taimaka ƙwarai da gaske wajen yaɗa addinin Kiristanci a yankunan Africa, Amurka ta Arewa da ta Kudu da kuma wasu sassan Asia. Yanayin kasuwanci da hijirar mutane ta taimaka wajen yaɗa addinin Musulunci a Africa ta Yamma.

YARUKA DA AL’ADU

Aƙalla yarukan da ake amfani dasu a duniya a yanzu sun kai kimanin 7,100. 80% ko kuma guda 5,680 daga cikin waɗannan yaruka, bai wuce mutum 100,000 ne zuwa ƙasa suke amfani da kowanne ɗaya daga cikinsu ba. Yaruka 50 daga ciki, mutane ƙalilan ne sosai kawai suke jinsu. Misali garuruwa da suke keɓe daga wasu garuruwan sakamakon manyan tsaunuka da tsuburai, dazuka da sauran abubuwa su kan ƙirƙiri yarukansu daban- ƙasar Papua New Guinea misali ta na da yaruka daban-daban har 836 sakamakon irin haka. Harsuna 150 zuwa 200 suna da sama da mutum miliyan guda mai jin kowannensu. Ana amfani da kimanin yaruka 2300 a Nahiyar Asia, 2150 a Africa, 1300 a Pacific, 1060 a nahiyoyin Amurka ta Arewa, Kudu da tsakiya, sai kuma 280 a Nahiyar Turai.

Dangane da amfani da yare, a kan kasa harshe gida biyu; yaren asali ko na haihuwa da kuma yare na biyu wanda aka koya daga baya kuma ake amfani da shi akai-akai. A matakin ƙasa kuwa akwai yaren ƙasa wanda gwamnatin ƙasa ta yarda da shi, kamar misalin Turanci a Najeriya.

Dangane da yaren haihuwa na asali, harsunan da suka fi yawan masu amfani da su a duniya sun haɗa da; Mandarin Chinese (12.44%), Spanish (4.85%), Arabic (3.25%), Hindu (2.68%), Bengali (2.66%), Portugese (2.625), Russian (2.12%), Japanese (1.8%), German (1.33%) Javanese (1.25%).

Yarukan da aka fi amfani da su a duniya baki ɗaya ko da kuwa ba lallai su kasance yarukan asali ga masu amfani da su ɗin ba sun haɗa da yarukan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniyar nan guda shida- Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian da kuma Spanish. Waɗannan harsuna guda shida sun kasance yaren asali ko yare na biyu ga kusan rabin mutanen duniya kuma sun kasance yaren gwamnati a sama da rabin ƙasashen duniya.

SAURAN ABUBUWA

Karatu da rubutu: ƙiddiddiga ta nuna cewa, sama da mutane miliyan 6,700 na duniya sun iya karatu da rubutu wato 84.15% na adadin yawan mutanen duniyar baki ɗaya. Adadin waɗanda basu iya karatu da rubutu ba bai kai miliyan 800 ba a cewar Hukumar Ilimi Ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNESCO).

Kashi 75% daga cikin mutanen duniya kusan miliyan 800 da basu iya karatu da rubutu ba, sun fito ne daga ƙasashe 10 (India, China, Pakistan, Bangaladesh, Nigeria, Ethipia, Egypt, Brazil, Indonesia da kuma DR Congo). Kashi 65% na waɗanda basu iya karatu da rubutu ba mata ne. Bincike ya nuna cewa babu inda jahilci ya fi katutu a duniya kamar a tsakanin mazauna Kudanci da Yammacin Asia da kuma yankin Africa Kudu da Sahara.

Cututuka: aƙalla kusan mutane miliyan 35 ne ke dauke da cutar HIV/AIDS  a duniya a yanzu. Kuma daga ɓullar cutar zuwa shekarar 2009, cutar ta hallaka mutane sama da miliyan biyu a cewar hukumar lafiya ta duniya (WHO).

Teburi na 5: Cutar HIV a Duniya

 

SN	KASA	NAHIYA/YANKI	KASO CIKIN YAWAN MUTANEN ƘASA
Ƙasashen da suka da mafia yawan kaso na masu cutar HIV/AIDS
1	Swaziland	Kudancin Africa	26.50% (Kowanne mutum ɗaya cikin hudu)
2	Lesotho	Kudancin Africa	23.10% (Kowanne mutum ɗaya cikin hudu)
3	Botswana	Kudancin Africa	23.00% (Kowanne mutum ɗaya cikin hudu)
4	South Africa	Kudancin Africa	17.90% (Kowanne mutum ɗaya cikin biyar)
5	Zimbabwe	Kudancin Africa	14.70% (Kowanne mutum ɗaya cikin shida)
Ƙasashen da suke da mutane da yawa masu dauke da HIV/AIDS
1	South Africa	Kudancin Africa	6,070,800
2	Nigeria	Yammacin Africa	3,426,600
3	India	Kudancin Asia	2,085,000
4	Kenya	Gabashin Africa	1,646,000
5	Mozambique	Kudancin Africa	1,554,700
Ƙasashen da aka fi samun asarar rayuka a dalilin HIV/AIDS
1	Nigeria	Yammacin Africa	239,700
2	South Africa	Kudancin Africa	235,100
3	India	Kudancin Asia	135,500
4	Tanzania	Kudancin Africa	80,000
5	Mozambique	Kudancin Africa	76,800

 

 

A KULA: Dukkan wannan bayanai an samesu ne daga tarin bincike daga rahotanni da wallafe-wallefen da yawansu ba zai bari a zayyanosu a nan ba. Amma dai wallafe-wallefen da kasashen da aka ambata suka samar da kansu da kuma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suna daga ciki.

 Twitter: @AmirAbdulazeez